Learn Modern C++ Effectively

In C++, objects can be categorized as either copyable or non-copyable based on whether they can be copied or assigned using the copy constructor and copy assignment operator. The copyability of an object is determined by the presence or absence of these copy operations. Copyable Objects: Copyable objects can be copied and assigned using the copy constructor and copy assignment operator. By default, user-defined types in C++ are copyable unless specific measures are taken to disable or restrict copying. When an object is copied, a new object is created with the same state as the original object. Example of a copyable class: class Copyable { public: Copyable() {} Copyable(const Copyable& other) {} Copyable& operator=(const Copyable& other) { return *this; } }; Non-Copyable Objects: Non-copyable objects cannot be copied or assigned using the copy constructor and copy assignment operator. This is often intentional when dealing with resources that should not b...

In C++, an rvalue refers to a temporary value that does not have a persistent identity and is typically created during expressions or as the result of a function call. An rvalue can be a literal (e.g., numeric constant), a temporary object, or the result of an expression evaluation. An rvalue reference, denoted by &&, is a special type of reference that can bind to an rvalue. It was introduced in C++11 and allows for the creation of move semantics, which enables more efficient resource management and improved performance. Here are the key points to understand about rvalues and rvalue references: Rvalue: An rvalue is a temporary value that can be moved from or used to initialize other objects. It does not have a persistent identity and is typically short-lived. Lvalue: An lvalue refers to an object that has a persistent identity and is typically addressable. It can appear on the left side of an assignment operation. Rvalue Reference: An rvalue reference (&&) is a r...